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Chess Puzzles

Games unit: % independent 84 models scored not in composite

Tactical chess puzzles with a single forced best move, presented as text positions.

What it measures

Precise state tracking and lookahead in a domain where a plausible-looking answer is usually wrong.

How to read it

Tests board-state tracking more than chess strength as such.

Source

Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub

Full ranking

#ModelLabScoreMeasuredMethodSource
1 GPT-5.5 Pro OpenAI 64.0% 2026-05-01 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
2 GPT-5.4 Pro OpenAI 58.6% 2026-03-19 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
3 Gemini 3.1 Pro Google DeepMind 52.0% 2026-08-06 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
4 Gemini 3.7 Flash Google DeepMind 47.0% 2026-08-14 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
5 Gemini 3.5 Flash Google DeepMind 46.0% 2026-08-06 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
6 Gemini 3.6 Flash Google DeepMind 39.3% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
7 Gemini 3 Flash Google DeepMind 39.0% 2026-08-06 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
8 GPT-5.6 Sol OpenAI 38.3% 2026-08-07 independent · 4 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
9 Claude Fable 5 Anthropic 36.7% 2026-08-06 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
10 Grok 4.5 xAI 36.0% 2026-07-08 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
11 Grok 4.6 xAI 35.5% 2026-08-14 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
12 DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731open DeepSeek 33.0% 2026-08-02 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
13 o3 OpenAI 33.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
14 Claude Opus 5 Anthropic 31.7% 2026-08-06 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
15 GPT-5.2 OpenAI 31.2% 2026-07-13 independent · 5 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
16 Gemini 3 Pro Google DeepMind 31.0% 2025-12-08 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
17 GPT-5.5 OpenAI 30.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
18 GPT-5.4 OpenAI 29.0% 2026-07-15 independent · 5 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
19 Qwen 3.8 Max Alibaba 29.0% 2026-08-04 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
20 Grok 4 xAI 28.0% 2026-01-30 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
21 Kimi K3open Moonshot AI 28.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
22 GPT-5.6 Terra OpenAI 27.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
23 GPT-5 OpenAI 26.5% 2026-07-15 independent · 4 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
24 Kimi K2.6open Moonshot AI 26.0% 2026-05-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
25 Claude Sonnet 5 Anthropic 25.5% 2026-06-30 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
26 Claude Opus 4.8 Anthropic 25.3% 2026-08-06 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
27 Grok 4.3 Beta xAI 25.0% 2026-06-17 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
28 Grok 4.20 xAI 24.0% 2026-07-13 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
29 Gemini 3.1 Flash-Lite Google DeepMind 23.0% 2026-08-06 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
30 Qwen 3.5 Plus (hosted 397B-A17B) Alibaba 22.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
31 GPT-5.1 OpenAI 21.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
32 GPT-5.6 Luna OpenAI 21.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
33 Inklingopen Thinking Machines 21.0% 2026-08-05 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
34 Kimi K2.7 Codeopen Moonshot AI 21.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
35 Qwen 3.5 Flash (hosted 35B-A3B) Alibaba 21.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
36 Gemini 3.5 Flash-Lite Google DeepMind 20.3% 2026-08-06 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
37 Gemini 2.5 Pro (Jun 2025) Google DeepMind 20.0% 2025-12-08 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
38 gpt-oss-120bopen OpenAI 20.0% 2025-12-11 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
39 Kimi K2 Thinkingopen Moonshot AI 20.0% 2025-12-10 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
40 o4-mini OpenAI 20.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
41 Qwen 3.6 Flash Alibaba 20.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
42 Qwen 3.6 Max (Preview) Alibaba 20.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
43 Claude Opus 4.7 Anthropic 19.0% 2026-08-06 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
44 GLM-5.1open Z.ai 19.0% 2026-08-10 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
45 Qwen3.7-Max Alibaba 19.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
46 Inkling-Smallopen Thinking Machines 18.0% 2026-08-14 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
47 Qwen 3.6 Plus Alibaba 17.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
48 GPT-5.4 Nano OpenAI 16.7% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
49 Qwen3.7-Plus Alibaba 16.5% 2026-08-07 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
50 GPT-5 mini OpenAI 16.3% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
51 Qwen3.7 Flash Alibaba 16.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
52 Qwen3.6 27Bopen Alibaba 15.5% 2026-08-07 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
53 GPT-5.4 Mini OpenAI 15.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
54 Qwen 3.6 35B-A3Bopen Alibaba 15.0% 2026-08-07 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
55 GPT-5 nano OpenAI 14.3% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
56 MiniMax-M3open MiniMax 14.0% 2026-08-10 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
57 Claude Opus 4.6 Anthropic 13.5% 2026-08-06 independent · 4 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
58 GLM-5.2open Z.ai 13.5% 2026-08-10 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
59 DeepSeek-V4-Proopen DeepSeek 13.3% 2026-08-06 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
60 GPT-4o OpenAI 13.0% 2026-07-15 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
61 Qwen3.5 397B-A17Bopen Alibaba 12.5% 2026-08-07 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
62 GPT-5.5 Instant OpenAI 12.0% 2026-08-02 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
63 Kimi K2.5open Moonshot AI 12.0% 2026-01-28 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
64 Qwen3-235B-A22B (Jul 2025)open Alibaba 12.0% 2025-12-11 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
65 o1 OpenAI 11.3% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
66 o3-mini OpenAI 10.7% 2026-08-07 independent · 3 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
67 GLM-5open Z.ai 10.0% 2026-02-12 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
68 Claude Haiku 4.5 Anthropic 8.0% 2026-07-16 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
69 Claude Opus 4.5 Anthropic 8.0% 2026-08-06 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
70 Claude Sonnet 4.5 Anthropic 8.0% 2026-08-06 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
71 DeepSeek-V3.2open DeepSeek 7.5% 2026-07-16 independent · 2 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
72 Claude Sonnet 4.6 Anthropic 7.3% 2026-08-06 independent · 4 runs Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
73 Claude Opus 4.1 Anthropic 7.0% 2026-07-20 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
74 GPT-4.1 mini OpenAI 7.0% 2026-07-15 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
75 GLM-4.7open Z.ai 6.0% 2026-01-29 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
76 GPT-4 Turbo (Apr 2024) OpenAI 6.0% 2026-07-15 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
77 GPT-4.1 OpenAI 6.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
78 Claude 3 Opus Anthropic 5.0% 2026-07-15 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
79 Gemma 4 31B ITopen Google DeepMind 5.0% 2026-08-06 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
80 GPT-4 (Jun 2023) OpenAI 4.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
81 Qwen3-Max Alibaba 4.0% 2025-12-10 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
82 Gemma 3 27Bopen Google DeepMind 0.0% 2026-08-06 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
83 GPT-3.5 Turbo OpenAI 0.0% 2026-08-07 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub
84 GPT-4o mini OpenAI 0.0% 2026-07-15 independent Epoch AI Benchmarking Hub